Modification is then done outside of the bridge modeler. Leadrubber bearings were chosen for the seismic isolation of these bridges. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The implementation, including input arguments and capability and limitations of these user elements are presented. Sap2000 concrete design manual sap2000 steel design manual on. This type of isolator provides a good balance between damping and cost. Advanced mathematical models of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings, namely the low damping rubber bearing ldr and the leadrubber lr bearing, were implemented in opensees, abaqus and lsdyna to enable crossplatform usage. Structural software for analysis and design sap2000. Sap2000 2000 integrated software for structural analysis and. It is very soft laterally but very stiff vertically. Sap2000 is a structural analysis and design software developed by csiamerica.
Notes highdamping rubber isolator link property, a copy of which is available here. View lead rubber bearing research papers on academia. Seismic isolation of highway bridges school of engineering. This video gives the information about lead rubber bearings. These include road and rail vehicle suspensions, pivot arms, engine and gearbox mountings and control links. Pdf performance assessment of lead rubber bearing system. The bridge modeler automatically generates bearings. Rubber bearings conical, spherical, segmented bearings. According to the shear modulus g value, main products include g0. Heavy damping mechanism incorporated in vibration control technologies and, particularly, in base isolation devices, is often considered a valuable source of suppressing vibrations thus enhancing a buildings seismic performance. These isolators bearings provide coupled twodimensional hysteretic damping in the shear.
A ucl civil engineering student workshop about earthquake engineering. The prevalence of manual engineering methods in wiring harness manufacturing compounds these. The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate manual modification of bridge bearings. The components of the lrb are lead plug, endplates, steel shims and rubber layers. After cleaning, the bearing should be carefully inspected for damage and wear. Performance of lead rubber bearing as a base isolator. Sap2000 to model the temperaturedependent behavior of lrbs, too. Performance assessment of lead rubber bearing system and triple friction pendulum system at piuras hospital, in peru. Mini sap 2000 tutorial for an example beam hands on. Shape memory alloy wirebased lead rubber bearings can effectively. The top countries of suppliers are vietnam, china, and taiwan, china, from which the percentage of lead rubber bearing supply is. Im modeling a frame building with base isolation elastomeric bearings.
The rubber compounds normally used in the production of lrb are characterised by an effective dynamic shear modulus g. Sap2000 concrete design manual sap2000 steel design manual. How to model base isolator lead rubber bearing in etabs for non linear analysis. Lead core rubber bearings lrb consists of a laminated rubber and steel bearing with steel flange plates for mounting to the structure.
Guidelines for the manual modification of bridge bearings automatically created by the bridge modeler. Lead rubber bearings lrb isolators are elastomeric isolators with a cylindricalshaped core of lead. Early failure is mostly attributable to inadequate handling or maintenance. Research paper excel spreadsheet for design of lead. Create and modify a concrete bent which features a nonprismatic cap beam. From a simple small 2d static frame analysis to a large complex 3d nonlinear dynamic analysis, sap2000. The iterative progressions were adopted to assess and adjust. Detailed specification parameters of rectangular lead. Based on the shear modulus g value, rectangular lead rubber bearings can be divide into there series. Sap2000 follows in the same tradition featuring a very sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user interface powered by an unmatched analysis engine and design tools for engineers working on transportation, industrial, public works, sports, and other facilities. We recommend that you select the bearings according to the actual conditions of the current bridge project.
Materials, sections, grids, and supports are defined. This tutorial will follow a twospan continuous reinforcedconcrete boxgirder bridge with four web sections, supported by two bearings at each substructure location. H identification of the nonlinear properties of rubberbearings in. They consist of three basic components a lead plug, and rubber and steel, which are generally placed in layers. The rubbersteel laminated bearing is designed to carry the weight of the structure and provide postyield elasticity. They consist of a steel reinforced elastomer bearing chloroprene caoutchouc or natural caoutchouc with additional lead core.
Lead rubber bearing lrb is a new type of earthquakeresistance rubber bearings, formed by inserting lead core into ordinary laminated rubber bearing, vertical supporting, horizontal displacement and hysteretic damping are hung in single unit together. The constitutive bond of lrb isolators is bilinear. Influencebased movingload analysis first steps sap2000. Sap2000 is commonly used to analyze concrete structures, steel structures, parking garages, skyscrapers, low and high raise buildings, and portal frame design of multistorey r.
Sap2000 manual sap2000 is a program developed by the company csi, computer and structures, inc. The plasticization of lead permits to obtain an equivalent viscous damping coefficient up to approximately 30%. White paper 10 ways to improve wiring harness manufacturing. Tech dissertation conducted at ramaiah university of. As the number of automaker recalls due to software issues are increasing and gaining widespread attention, we are striving to enable the automotive industry with the bestinclass software and guidelines to control and improve the architecture and technical quality of embedded software for the industry. Structural analysis program, sap2000 user manual, computer andstructure, inc, berkeley, ca, usa 2010. Sap2000 web tutorial 1 4 figure b2 shows perspective views of the computer model that include joint labels and frame element labels. Research paper excel spreadsheet for design of lead rubber. Ninety percent of our isolators have an energy dissipating lead core. Longitudinal seismic response control of longspan cablestayed. Modeling of lead rubber bearings via 3d basis, sap2000.
It was invented by william robinson, a new zealander. The steel shims provide vertical stiffness to the lrb and layers of rubber provide lateral flexibility or horizontal stiffness. In addition, it was performed the evaluation of the seismic behaviour of the isolated structure. Maurer lead rubber bearings mlrb are devices for seismic isolation. For lead core can dissipate seismic energy and increase stiffness under load simultaneously, and most of the requirements of the seismic. Abstractseismic isolation systems can be modeled in various structural analysis programs using nonlinear or equivalent linear properties of. A wide variety of lead rubber bearing options are available to you, there are 1,143 suppliers who sells lead rubber bearing on, mainly located in asia. Pdf effect of lead rubber bearing characteristics on the. We hope this manual assists in preventing early bearing failures or in troubleshooting the causes of bearing failures. From beginner to pro has been created in order to fill that void and help students start out with a structural design software. Dynamic properties of lead rubber bearings and its seismic. The parameters d 1, f 1, d 2, and f 2 that define the bilinear curve are given in the following tables per each standard lrb. Design of base isolation system for buildings by taichieh wu bachelor of science in civil engineering.
Lead rubber bearing properties in sap2000 input your data in input sheet and get outputs in sap2000 sheet. For leadcore can dissipate seismic energy and increase stiffness under load simultaneously, and most of the requirements of the seismic. It is a very powerful software that can design almost any kind of civil engineering structure. Lead rubber bearings as base isolating devices for the. Pdf a study on the seismic isolation systems of bridges. Rubber bearing type linksupport element is used to model nonlinear behavior of lead rubber bearing in this study. No need to provide nonlinear property of isolator in rsa, it is needed in fna. This manual presents the principles of isolation for bridges, develops stepby step methods of. The typical hysteresis loop of a lead rubber bearing can be modelled as bilinear.
The third part of this volume, the sap2000 introductory tutorial manual, is intended to provide firsttime users with handson experience using the modeling, analysis and design features of sap2000. The higher energy dissipation capability of lead rubber bearing is due to the plastic deformation of lead core which deforms even under small shear stress which makes it suitable in strong earthquake regions. Detailed design procedure of isolator lead rubber bearing slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Crossplatform implementation, verification and validation. A crosssection of a lead rubber bearing used in base isolation. Dissipations capacity study of leadrubber bearing system in. Dissipations capacity study of leadrubber bearing system. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of lead rubber bearing lrb isolator and ground motion characteristics on the response of seismic isolated bridges. Since all components are vulcanized inside the rubber, no special maintenance is required beyond that of laminated bearings. Now you can harness the power of sap2000 for all of your analysis and design tasks, including small daytoday problems. Highdamping rubber isolator technical knowledge base. From its 3d object based graphical modeling environment to the wide variety of analysis and design options completely integrated across one powerful user interface, sap2000 has proven to be the most integrated, productive and practical general purpose structural program on the market today.
Detailed specifications of round lead rubber bearing g0. Sap2000 will do the stress checks automatically when a member is designed. Base isolation lead rubber bearings lrb consists of a laminated rubber and steel bearing with steel flange plates for mounting to the structure. The conclusions showed the good potential of the leadrubber isolators. American association of state highway and transportation officials aashto guide. Sap2000 user manual, computer andstructure, inc, berkeley, ca, usa 2010. This video show step by step of time history analysis of base isolated building. The isolation design of a bridge with lead rubber isolators primarily involves the determination of the properties of the isolators themselves. If the bearing is not going to be returned to industrial bearing maintenance manual. Lead, for making the lead rubber bearing, is a kind of metal material with large ductility, that is, when it is subjected to the vertical impact pressure, it will produce plastic shear deformation which is constrained by the steel plate and the nature rubber. This paper concerns an examination of the seismic response of multistorey steel building fitted with leadrubber baseisolation system using a 3d numerical investigation. I determine the effective damping to be included in the isolators properties. Gmt manufacture a range of rubber bearings such as spherical bearings, which work as mechanical joints in a variety of applications. Detailed specification parameters of round lead rubber bearing.
For nonlinear rubber bearing, bilinear forcedeformation properties including. Leadrubber bearing prototype testing canam bridges. This intuitive interface allows you to create structural models rapidly and intuitively without long learning curve delays. Lead rubber bearing or lrb is a type of base isolation employing a heavy damping. Lead rubber bearing lrb is a new type of earthquakeresistance rubber bearings, formed by inserting leadcore into ordinary laminated rubber bearing, vertical supporting, horizontal displacement and hysteretic damping are hung in single unit together. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, in doudoumis and others published analytical. Structural model of a pier and leadrubber bearings. Laminated leadrubber bearings a leadrubber bearing is a laminated rubber bearing with a lead plug down its center, as depicted in figure 1. It is strongly recommended that you read this manual and work the tutorial before attempting a. Download structural design software sap2000 20 developed by computers and structures inc. The types and properties of greases are given in the bearing section of the ntn.
Buildings free fulltext potential design of seismic vulnerable. The hole for the leadplug can be machined through the bearing after manufacture, or the hole can be made in the steel. The highdamping rubber isolator link property is available in etabs, sap2000 and csibridge. Lead has good fatigue properties during cycling at plastic strains.
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